The Red Prince: The Life of John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster
For centuries John of Gaunt has remained an enigmatic figure, our ‘take’ on him coloured by Shakespeare or Anya Seton. Helen Carr has produced a timely, extraordinarily insightful and detailed account of Gaunt’s life, allowing the narrative of travel, battles, intrigue, ambition and royal relationships to unfold like a reversed, complicated piece of origami to reveal the truth of his existence. Gaunt’s concerns for his immediate family and his efforts to uphold the Plantagenet dynasty were at the centre of all his actions. Dealing with an ageing father (Edward III), an older brother (the Black Prince) crippled by illness, and a nephew (Richard II) whose youth and character threatened the stability of kingship, he continually found himself in situations of great influence – but this also led him into conflict with Parliament and the London populace. Carr paints a vivid picture of the savage destruction of his home, the Savoy Palace. Interestingly, we learn how outside the capital he was revered as a fair and popular magnate.
Carr’s research is meticulous as she explains how and why he sought the crown of Castile, and we journey with him on his quest through the arid landscape, unrelenting heat and attendant diseases. Her use of primary sources and chronicles of the day allow us to marvel at the extent and scope of Gaunt’s military expeditions. Gaunt’s personal life with his three wives and children is not given so much attention, but then Carr is not in the business of romantic history. She keeps her focus firmly and factually on the man, his decisions, and the outcomes. This is a very well-written historical biography and will no doubt be appreciated by all who want to learn more about such an influential figure in medieval politics.
